Intra-articular injection of medication directly into the joint cavity
Intra-articular injection of medication is a medical procedure in which medications are injected directly into the joint cavity. This procedure can be useful for relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and improving joint function in various conditions, such as arthritis.
Which medications can be administered intra-articularly?
- Corticosteroids:
- Action: Powerful anti-inflammatory action that reduces swelling and pain.
- Application: Used for various forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gouty arthritis.
- Examples: Methylprednisolone, triamcinolone, betamethasone.
- Hyaluronic acid:
- Action: Helps lubricate the joint and improve cushioning, especially in osteoarthritis of the knee.
- Application: Used for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis pain.
- Examples: Hyalgan, Synvisc, Orthovisc.
- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP):
- Action: Stimulates the natural healing process of tissues using concentrated growth factors from the patient’s own blood.
- Application: Used for a variety of degenerative joint diseases and soft tissue injuries.
- Examples: Autologous PRP preparations.
- Other medications:
- Local anesthetics: Can be used in conjunction with corticosteroids for rapid pain relief.
- Biologics: Injections such as tocilizumab to treat specific forms of arthritis.
How is an intra-articular injection performed?
The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical exam. examination of the affected joint. The area around the joint will be cleaned with an antiseptic to reduce the risk of infection. Local anesthesia may be used to reduce pain during the procedure.
Intra-articular injection procedure
The doctor will insert a sterile needle into the joint cavity. Before the injection, excess synovial fluid may be removed from the joint. The medication will be injected into the joint cavity through the same needle.
After the intra-articular injection procedure
Pressure and a bandage will be applied to the puncture site to reduce bleeding and swelling. The patient will be advised to rest the joint and avoid strenuous activity for several days.
Possible complications of intra-articular injection
Although intra-articular injection is generally a safe procedure, some complications can occur, including:
- Infection
Risk of infection at the injection site.
- Bleeding
Minor bleeding or hematoma formation at the injection site.
- Pain
Pain or discomfort during or after the procedure.
- Damage to joint structures
Very rarely, damage to joint structures may occur.
When is an intra-articular injection recommended?
For conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. For joints with frequent effusions. When medications such as oral analgesics or physiotherapy do not provide sufficient relief.
Intra-articular injection can significantly improve the quality of life of patients with chronic joint pain and inflammation. If you have symptoms that suggest a joint problem, talk to our doctor about treatment options, including intra-articular injections.
